TOPIC 1:
WHAT IS A COMPUTER
Lesson 1:
Definition of Computer
Provides a basic definition of a computer as
an electronic device that processes data according to a set of instructions. It
introduces the concepts of input, processing, output, and storage.
- Example: A computer takes input (keyboard),
processes it (CPU), produces output (monitor), and stores data (hard
drive).
Lesson 2:
Characteristics of Computer
Discusses the main characteristics of
computers, such as speed, accuracy, automation, and storage capacity. It
highlights the advantages of using computers for various tasks.
- Example: A computer can perform thousands of
calculations per second (speed) and store millions of files (storage
capacity).
Lesson 3:
History of Computers
Traces the evolution of computers from early
mechanical devices to modern digital systems. The lesson covers key milestones,
including the development of the first programmable computers and the invention
of the microprocessor.
- Example: The transition from the ENIAC, one of
the first electronic general-purpose computers, to today’s powerful
microprocessors.
Lesson 4:
Parts of a Computer
Describes the main components of a computer
system, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices,
and peripherals. It explains the function of each part.
- Example: The CPU is the brain of the computer,
RAM is the short-term memory, and a hard drive is used for long-term
storage.
Lesson 5:
Computer Terminology
Introduces common computer-related terms and
jargon. The lesson aims to familiarize students with basic vocabulary used in
computing, such as software, hardware, and networks.
- Example: Distinguishing between software
(applications) and hardware (physical components).
Lesson 6:
Care and Appropriate Use of Computers
Provides guidelines for maintaining and using
computers properly. It covers topics like physical care, protecting against
viruses, and ethical considerations in computer use.
- Example: Keeping your computer clean and using
antivirus software to protect against malware.
TOPIC 2:
HARDWARE AND PERIPHERALS
Lesson 7:
Functions of the Hardware
Discusses the various functions performed by
hardware components in a computer system. It includes input, output,
processing, and storage functions.
- Example: A keyboard is an input device, a
monitor is an output device, and the CPU performs processing tasks.
Lesson 8:
Computer Processing
Explores how computers process data, including
the role of the CPU, memory, and data buses. The lesson explains the basics of
machine cycles and processing speed.
- Example: The CPU executes instructions and
processes data in cycles, with faster CPUs completing more cycles per
second.
Lesson 9:
Input Devices
Focuses on devices used to input data into a
computer, such as keyboards, mice, scanners, and microphones. It covers the
functionality and use cases of different input devices.
- Example: A mouse allows for precise pointer
control, while a scanner can digitize physical documents.
Lesson 10:
Output Devices
Describes devices that output data from a
computer, such as monitors, printers, and speakers. The lesson includes a
discussion on display technologies and print quality.
- Example: A monitor displays visual output, while
a printer produces physical copies of documents.
Lesson 11:
Classification of Hardware Systems
Classifies hardware systems based on their
size, capability, and application. It includes categories like personal
computers, servers, mainframes, and supercomputers.
- Example: Personal computers for individual use,
servers for managing network resources, and supercomputers for complex
calculations.
Lesson 12:
Troubleshooting and Maintenance
Provides strategies for diagnosing and fixing
common computer hardware issues. It also covers routine maintenance tasks to
ensure the longevity and performance of hardware components.
- Example: Restarting the computer to resolve
temporary issues and cleaning internal components to prevent overheating.
TOPIC 3:
DATA HANDLING
Lesson 13:
Data and Information
Differentiates between data and information,
explaining how raw data is processed into meaningful information. The lesson
covers data collection and analysis methods.
- Example: Raw data (temperature readings) is
processed to provide information (weather forecast).
Lesson 14:
Data Coding, Sources, and Types
Discusses various methods of data coding and
the different types of data sources, such as primary and secondary data. It
also categorizes data into qualitative and quantitative types.
- Example: Coding data for a survey and using both
primary data (survey responses) and secondary data (existing research).
Lesson 15:
Primary Storage
Explains primary storage options, including
RAM and cache memory. The lesson covers the characteristics and functions of
primary storage in a computer system.
- Example: RAM provides fast access to data
currently being used, while cache memory speeds up access to frequently
used data.
Lesson 16:
Secondary Storage
Describes secondary storage devices, such as
hard drives, SSDs, optical discs, and cloud storage. It explains their use for
long-term data storage and backup.
- Example: Hard drives and SSDs store data
permanently, while cloud storage provides remote access and backup
options.
Lesson 17:
Data Transmission and Compression
Covers the methods and technologies used for
transmitting data, including wired and wireless communication. The lesson also
discusses data compression techniques to reduce file sizes.
- Example: Using ZIP files to compress data for
faster transmission and reduced storage space.
Lesson 18:
Data Security
Focuses on protecting data from unauthorized
access, breaches, and loss. The lesson covers encryption, firewalls, and other
security measures.
- Example: Encrypting sensitive data and using firewalls
to prevent unauthorized access to a network.
TOPIC 4:
SOFTWARE
Lesson 19:
Operating System
Discusses the role of the operating system
(OS) as the main software managing hardware and software resources. It covers
different types of operating systems and their functions.
- Example: Windows, macOS, and Linux are operating
systems that manage hardware resources and provide user interfaces.
Lesson 20:
Utility Software
Describes utility software, which helps
manage, maintain, and protect computer systems. Examples include antivirus
programs, file management tools, and backup software.
- Example: Antivirus software protects against
malware, and backup tools help in data recovery.
Lesson 21:
Software Packages
Explains different software packages,
including application software and system software. The lesson covers common
applications like word processors, spreadsheets, and graphics software.
- Example: Microsoft Word for document creation,
Excel for spreadsheets, and Photoshop for image editing.
Lesson 22:
Custom Software
Discusses custom software, which is developed
for specific users or organizations. It covers the process of software
development and customization to meet unique requirements.
- Example: A custom CRM system tailored to a company’s
specific customer management needs.
Lesson 23:
Hardware Requirement
Explains the hardware requirements necessary
for running specific software applications. The lesson covers aspects like
compatibility, system specifications, and performance optimization.
- Example: Ensuring a computer meets the minimum
specifications for running a graphic design software.
Lesson 24:
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Focuses on graphical user interfaces (GUIs),
which provide a visual way to interact with a computer. The lesson covers
elements like windows, icons, menus, and pointers.
- Example: Using a GUI to navigate files and
folders through icons and menus on a desktop operating system.
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